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N GlossaryA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | MN | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z nausea - The feeling of wanting to throw up (vomit). necrosis - Dead tissue that surrounds healthy tissue in the body. necrotizing enterocolitis - A condition in which part of the tissue in the intestines is destroyed; occurs mainly in under-weight newborn babies; a temporary ileostomy may be necessary. needle biopsy - Biopsy procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed through a hollow needle. neoplasm - New and abnormal growth of tissue that may or may not cause cancer. Also called tumor. nerve sparing technique - A surgical technique during a radial prostatectomy where one or both of the neurovascular bundles controlling erections are spared. neural tube defect - Type of birth defect, such as spina bifida, that results from failure of the spinal cord or brain to develop normally in a fetus. neuralgia - Pain in distribution of nerve or nerves. neuritis - Inflammation of a nerve or nerves. neurological - The medical science that deals with the nervous system and disorders affecting it. neuron - A cell specialized to conduct and generate electrical impulses and to carry information from one part of the brain to another. neuro-oncology - The branch of medicine concerned with the direct and indirect effects of neoplasms on the nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. neuro-ophthalmology - That branch of medicine concerned with the neurological aspects of the visual apparatus. neuropsychiatric - a branch of health science combining neurology and psychiatry. neuroscience - The scientific study of the nervous system. neurotransmitters - Chemical substances that carry impulses from one nerve cell to another; found in the space (synapse) that separates the transmitting neuron's terminal (axon) from the receiving neuron's terminal (dendrite). nigral - Of or referring to the substantia nigra. nissen fundoplication - An operation to sew the top of the stomach (fundus) around the esophagus; used to stop stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus (reflux) and to repair a hiatal hernia. nitric oxide - A colorless, poisonous gas (NO) produced as an intermediate during the manufacture of nitric acid from ammonia or atmospheric nitrogen and as a product of cellular metabolism. In the body, nitric oxide is involved in oxygen transport to the tissues, the transmission of nerve impulses, and other physiological activities. nitroglycerin - A medication used to relax or dilate arteries. non-invasive procedures - A diagnostic effort or treatment that does not require entering the body or puncturing the skin. nontropical sprue - See celiac disease. nonulcer dyspepsia - Constant pain or discomfort in the upper GI tract. Symptoms include burning, nausea, and bloating, but no ulcer. Possibly caused by muscle spasms. norepinephrine - A neurotransmitter found mainly in areas of the brain that are involved in governing autonomic nervous system activity, especially blood pressure and heart rate. norwalk virus - A virus that may cause GI infection and diarrhea. See also gastroenteritis. NSAID - Abbreviation for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. These drugs do not contain corticosteroids and are used to reduce pain and inflammation; aspirin and ibuprofen are two types of NSAIDs. nuclear medicine - A medical specialty used to show the function of a body organ, as well as its anatomy; it has diagnostic capabilities as well as valuable therapeutic applications; uses very small amounts of radioactive substances, or tracers that are attracted to specific organs, bones or tissues, to diagnose or treat disease. nuclear medicine imaging techniques - Techniques that are used in the diagnosis, management, treatment and prevention of disease. Nuclear medicine is unique in that it often allows for diagnostic information to be discerned prior to the onset of physical symptoms. It is used significantly in the areas of oncology, neurology, cardiology and orthopedics, among others. nuclear medicine scan - Image produced as the result of a nuclear medicine procedure. nutcracker syndrome - Abnormal muscle tightening in the esophagus. |
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