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UK Orthopaedics
Health Information
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Plantar Fascitis
From Shankman GA: Fundamental Orthopaedic Management
for the Physical Therapy Assistant. St. Louis, Mosby Year Book, 1997, p. 141.
Description
Plantar fascitis causes stiffness and inflammation of the main fascia (fibrous
connective tissue) on the bottom of the foot. It is occasionally causes a bone spur on the heel. Sometimes there may be a partial or complete tear of the fascia of the bottom of the foot. Bone spurs themselves usually do not cause symptoms.
Common Signs and Symptoms
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Pain and tenderness in the sole of the foot, mostly under the heel bone, with
standing or walking
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Particularly noticeable pain with the first steps when getting out of bed in the morning or after sitting
Causes
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Stress or injury to the heel tissues, which causes inflammation and calcification of the fascia of the foot
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Irritation of a small nerve that runs under the foot where the main fascia attaches to the heel bone
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Tight calf muscles or flat feet
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Shoes that are poorly fitted, have inadequate arch supports, have with soles that are too stiff, or have rigid arch supports (orthotics)
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Activities that require sudden turns or stops
Treatment
Initial treatment consists of ice to relieve pain, stretching exercises of the heel cord and achilles tendon, and modification of activities. A heel cup or felt insert in the shoe to relieve pressure on the heel usually is recommended. Occasionally, wearing splints at night may be offered. Chronic cases may require referral to a physical therapist or athletic trainer for further evaluation and treatment. Arch supports (orthotics) are helpful for people with flat feet to prevent or treat this problem. Occasionally surgery is needed to release the fascia and nerve.
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